Sessions

Making Visible the Ghosts Which Reproduce Anxiety

Japanese learners’ anxieties regarding the enforced study of English is related to their cultural upbringing as well as the manner in which U.S. hegemony was established as a result of World War II. The U.S. has greatly influenced the type of educational system which has been installed via their significant influence on Japanese politics. A prominent example of this is the influence of standardized testing in the form of the TOEIC exam.